人教版 八年级英语(上册)
Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister
重点词汇
outgoing, better, loudly, quietly, competition, fantastic, clearly, win, though,
talented, truly, serious, mirror, necessary, grade, should, saying, reach, touch,
heart, break, arm, laugh, share, loud, information
二．重点短语
more outgoing 更外向 play the drums 敲鼓
the singing competition 歌唱比赛 the most important 最重要的是
hard-working 努力工作的 be talented in music 擅长音乐
do the same things as sb. 做与某人一样的事 care about 担心，关心
be different from 与……不同 as long as 只要
bring out 使显示 get better grade 取得更好的成绩
touch one’s heart 使某人感动 in fact 事实上
make friends 交朋友 be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事
be similar to 与……一样 the English Study Center 英语学习中心
be good with 与……相处得好 want to do sth.想要做某事
have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣 make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与…一样…
It’s+ 形容词 + for sb. To do sth.. 对某人来说，做某事是……的
三．重点语法
(一) 重点句型
1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.
萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。
both (1) 表示“两者都”， both用在含有be动词的句中，应放在be动词的后面；用在含有行为动词的句中，应放在行为动词的前面，
(2) both…and…表示“两者都”，both...and在句中连接并列成分，如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等，位置比较灵活。
E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语)
The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(连接谓语)
【考例】My parents ________ doctors.
A. both are B. all are C. are all D. are both
拓展：all表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思，every指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。
练习：用all,both,every,each填空
1) My brothers and I are ________l at school.
2) ________ student may have one book.
3) ________Tom and Jim are my good friends.
4) Three students are flying kites,they are________ in Class 1.
2. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。
as...as意为“与……一样……”，as...as中间接形容词或副词的原级。其否定结构not as/so...as意为“不如……”。
E.g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。
Tom gets up as early as Jim. 汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。
Lucy isn’t as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。
注意：(1) 其否定式为not as/so +adj./adv. +as。
E.g. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.
(2) 若有修饰成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。
E.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。
3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.
不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。
(1) win此处用作不及物动词，意为“赢；获胜”；win还可用作及物动词，意为“赢得；在……中获胜”，此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。
E.g. He won the first prize.
Who won the race？
辨析：win与beat
① win表示“赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. We won the basketball game.
② beat表示“打赢；战胜”，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。
E.g. Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.
(2) though此处作副词，意为“不过；可是；然而”，通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。
E.g. Jim said that he would come; he didn’t, though.
拓展：though作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于although。
E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily.
注意：although/though与but不能同时出现在一个句子中。
E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily.
=He has no money, but he lives very happily.
4. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。
(1) the most important意为“最重要的”，是important的最高级形式。 important的比较级为more important，形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词the。
E.g. I think English is the most important of all the subjects.
The most important thing is to work hard.
(2) have fun意为“获得乐趣；玩得高兴”。
E.g. It’s a good place to have fun.
拓展：have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣”。
E.g. Did you have fun visiting that country？
5. ....truly cares about me...
care about 关心，在意
take care当心
take care of 照顾
练习：用适当的词组填空
1) Your mother truly____________you.
2) He has to ____________ his sister.
3) ____________ not to fall into the river.
6. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我发笑。
(1) make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”
E.g. His father always makes him get up before five o’clock.
拓展：make的用法：
① make加名词
make food 做饭 make the bed 铺床 make money 赚钱
② make + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人感到……；使……处于某种状态
E.g. The soft music makes Tina sleepy.
③ make sb./sth. + n. 使某人成为……
E.g. The party made her a good teacher.
④ make sb./sth. + 过去分词 让某人被……
E.g. I made myself understood by all the students.
⑤ make sb./sth. + do sth. 使某人做某事(不能带不定式符号to)
E.g. Wars make the peace go away.
注意：当make用于被动语态时，必须带不定式符号to.
E.g. We were made to work all night.
I was made to repeat the story.
(2) 辨析：laugh与smile
① laugh一般表示“出声地(大)笑”，不但有面部表情，而且还有声音。
laugh at...意为“嘲笑……；因……而发笑”。
E.g. Don’t laugh when you have a meal.
② smile一般表示“无声地微笑”，指的是面部表情。
smile at...意为“向……微笑”。
E.g. He smiled at me.
7. Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too.
talented为形容词，意为“有才能的，有才干的”，其比较级形式为more talented。be talented in为固定搭配，表示“在……方面有天赋”。
E.g. She is a talented musician. 她是一名天才音乐家。
The boy is talented in dancing. 这个男孩很有舞蹈天赋。
8. I’m quieter and more serious than most kids. 我比大多数的孩子更文静更稳重。
(1) serious为形容词，意为“严肃的；稳重的”。
E.g. My math teacher is very serious in class.
拓展：① nothing serious意为“没有什么严重的”。
② be serious about... 意为“对……认真”。
E.g. Is she serious about giving up her job？
9. That’s why I like reading books and studying harder in class.
那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。
That’s why...意为“那就是……的原因”，why引导的句子作表语，是表语从句。
E.g. That’s why I don’t want to leave here.
I got up late, and that’s why I missed the bus.
10. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.
我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不是很容易。
“It’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。结构中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，necessary，possible等。
E.g. It’s very important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day.
It’s dangerous for a child to stay at home alone.
11. But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. 但是我认为朋友就像书一样——你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。
as long as意为“只要；既然”，引导条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词can时，所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g.You can leave here as long as you tell the truth.
You will get good grades as long as you work hard.
12. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me.
然而，拉里经常帮助我表现出最好的一面。
bring out意为“使显现；使表现出”。
E.g. I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。
拓展：① bring out还意为“出版；生产”。
E.g. The company is bringing out a new sports car.
② bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好/最坏的一面展现出来
E.g. Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.
13. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.
我真的不介意我的朋友是与我一样还是不同。
if作连词，意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，常用于ask，know，wonder，find out等动词(短语)之后。
E.g. I don’t know if he is at home.
He asks me if I like music.
14. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。
(1) reach for sth.意为“伸手取某物”，reach此处作不及物动词，意为“伸手”。
E.g. He reaches for the box, but he is too short.
拓展：reach作及物动词，意为“到达；抵达”。
E.g. When will you reach Beijing？
辨析：reach, get to与arrive
① reach为及物动词，后面直接接宾语。
E.g. They reached Hangzhou yesterday.
② get to后接地点名词，如果接there，here或home等地点副词，to必须省略。
E.g. How did you get to the station？
③ arrive为不及物动词，后接地点名词时必须加介词at或in。到达国家、城市等大的地方用in，到迭学校、商店等小的地方用at。接there，here或home等地点副词时不用介词in或at。
E.g. I arrived at the company three hours ago.
They arrived in Hangzhou yesterday.
(2) touch及物动词，意为“感动；触摸”。
E.g. The sad story touched us.
He touched his son’s head lightly.
练习
1) Our hometown is more beautiful than before, ________？（济南中考）
A．isn’t it B．is it C．doesn’t it D．does it
2) Li Hua’s shoes are as ________ as Zhang Hui’s. （湖南常德中考）
A．cheap B．cheaper C．the cheaper
3) She sang a song I believe I can fly in Yangzhou English c1assics Reading Contest. I have never heard a ________ voice than that before. （江苏扬州中考）
A．good B．well C．better D．best
(二) 语法讲解：形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1．规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词末尾加-er，-est
tall
great
taller
greater
tallest
greatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少
数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st
nice
large
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音
节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，
再加-er，-est
big
hot
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，
改y为i，再加-er，-est
easy
easier
busier
easiest
busiest
少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末
尾加-er，-est
clever
narrow
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面
加more，most来构成比较级和最高级
important
easily
more important
more easily
most important
most easily
2．不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good; well
better
best
bad; ill
worse
worst
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
形容词和副词比较级及最高级练习：根据句意填入单词的正确形式
1. My brother is two years __________(old) than me.
2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin), you or Helen? Helen is.
5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big), yours or hers? Hers is.
6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
8.______ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..
11.Which is ___________(heavy), the elephant or the pig?
12.Who gets up _________(early), Tim or Tom?
13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.
14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).
15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.
