Unit2 How often do you exercise?
Section A知识讲解
一. help with housework 帮助做家务
1. help with sth. 意为“帮助做某事”
2. help sb. with sth. = help sb. _______ sth. 帮助某人做某事
Eg: I often help him ______ his English. = I often help him __________ English. 我经常帮他学习英语。
【拓展】
1. help oneself to… 请随便吃/喝···Please help yourself to some cakes.
2. can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事
I can’t help falling in love with that girl. 我情不自禁爱上那个女孩。
二．housework 意为“家务劳动”。不可数名词。
1. They have housework to do. A. many B. much
三. sometimes 有时
辨析：sometimes ，some times ，sometime ， some time
sometimes 有时候。=at times= from time to time也是“有时”的意思。
some times 几次。time作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。
sometime 某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。
some time 一段时间。常与for连用。对它提问用how long 。
口诀记忆：分开“一段时间” ；相聚“某个时候”。
练习：
① We plan to stay in Hainan for . 我们打算在海南呆一段时间。
② I am sure that we have met before. 我肯定我们之前见过几次了。
③ I have letters from him. 有时我会收到他的来信。
四. hardly ever 几乎不
比较： hard、hardly和hardly ever
①hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。
hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”， 位于动词之后。
This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬，挖不动。
They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作，以求得成功。
②Hardly 副词，意为“几乎不”，表示否定意义，位于实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、或情态动词之后，不表示频率。常用来修饰表示能力的词，如can, could等。
He can hardly play football. 他几乎不会打篮球。There is hardly any coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了
③hardly ever是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not, seldom。
练习：
There is ______ ______food left. 几乎没有食物剩下。
He ______ ______ . 他几乎不工作。 He ______ ______. 他工作努力。
五．What’s your favorite...? =What... do you like best？你最喜欢的......是什么？
1.What’s your favorite animal？你最喜欢的动物是什么？
= __________________________________________
六. free 意为“空闲的，有空的”反义词busy。 be free 意为“闲着，有空”
eg:：He is free now.他现在有空。
拓展：free还可译为“免费的”
Eg：The tickets are free. 票是免费的。
七． quite full 很忙，相当忙.
1. adj. full 还可译为“满的，充满的”。 反义词是empty，意为“空的”。
Eg：The bus was full when they got there. 翻译________________________________________.
拓展：A be full of B. = A be fill with B; A中充满了B。
The room is full of students. The bus is full of people.
The hall is _______ people. A. fill with B. full with C. filled of D. filled with
2.full adj. “饱的”。 其反义词是hungry，意为“饥饿的”。
Are you hungry or full？你饿了还是饱了？
Eg：I can’t eat any more，I am quite full. 我不能再吃了，我相当饱了。
八． maybe “也许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。
Eg：Maybe he knows Tom. 也许他认识Tom。
辨析：maybe 和may be
maybe “也许，大概，可能”。（一般放句首）
Maybe you are right. 也许你是对的。
may be “可能是，也许是”。 为“情态动词+be动词”结构。（位于句中）
You may be right. 你也许是对的。
Lily an English teacher. Lily可能是一名英语老师。
=________________________________________
九.at least 意为“至少”。其反义词为at most “最多”。
Eg：There are at least 1,500 students in our school. _____________________________________。
十. how often意为“多久一次”，常用于对时间频率的提问。回答可用once/twice/three times a day(一天一/两/三次)，sometimes(有时)，never(从不)，very often(经常)等。
How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视？
【拓展】
词语
词义
用法
答语特征
how long
多久
询问时间多久
for/about+一段时间
how often
多久一次
询问动作的频率
often, twice a week等
how soon
多快，过多久
询问时间多快
in+一段时间
how far
多远
询问距离多远
ten minutes’ walk
how many
多少
询问可数名词数量
数词+可数名词复数
how much
多少
询问不可数名词数量
数词+表示量的词+不可数名词
多少钱
询问价格
数词+钱
十一. look、see、watch和read辨析：
look为不及物动词，后接宾语时须用介词at，指看的动作。
see着重于看的后果，即“看到，看见”。
read多指“看书、报”，这里的“看”实为“读”。
watch表示“注视，观看，监视”之意。也常用于“看电视，看比赛”等短语中。
一． want sb. to do sth. 的否定形式为want sb. _____to do sth.
Eg：She wants me to bring him some pens. 否定：She wants me__________________ him some pens.
拓展：1.want sth. 想要某物 2.want to do sth. 想要做某事
3. want (sb.)to do sth.=would like/love (sb.)to do sth.
二． be good for 意为“对……有益”。反义词为be bad for “对……有害”。
Eg: Vegetables are good for you. 蔬菜对你有好处。
【拓展】
1.be good to“对…好”，其反义短语为be bad to“对…不好”。
2. be good at“在…方面擅长”， at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同义短语为do well in。
She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。
I am good at __________________（play）basketball.
3. be good with “和…相处得好；擅于和…相处”。
Are you good with children? 你和孩子们相处得好吗？
Eg:I asked my teacher about today’s homework.
三. Here are the results. 这是（调查）结果。
here 位于句首，句子要倒装。Here is + 单数名词。 Here are + 复数名词.
Eg：Here is your jacket. 这是你的夹克。
四. 1. 百分数由percent来表示，构成：基数词+percent ，常用“数词＋percent of＋名词”
这一结构作主语时，谓语的单复数要看percent of 后跟的名词，如果是可数名词复数，谓语应该用复数，如果是不可数名词，谓语应该用单数
Thirty percent of the students ______ ( like) watching game shows.
70 percent of water _______ ( be ) salty water(盐水)。
五．surprised 惊奇的，感到意外的
1. be surprised at sb. / sth. / doing sth. 对…感到惊奇， We are surprised at the news.
2. be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶。 I’m very surprised to meet you here.
3. be surprised that + 从句. 因…而感到惊讶。I’m surprised that he came here on time.
【拓展】 surprising 令人惊讶的 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
in surprise 惊讶地 ； 吃惊地
六．the answers to questions 问题的答案
the way to sp 去某地的路
七 . most students = most of the students 大多数学生
1. most +复数名词. Most birds can fly.大多数鸟儿会飞. __________ 大部分时间
2. most of + 限定词+复数名词 most of the girls , most of my friends
3. most of + 人称代词宾格 most of them / us
______ the students like reading the story. A. Most B. Most of
4. the +most +多音节形容词，表示最高级，意为“最”。
This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。
如果most前有不定冠词a，则表示“非常；很”，相当于very。
She is a most beautiful girl. 她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。
八. although “虽然，尽管”。but 意为“但是”。英语中，although与but不能同时 使用。
1. ________it rained，the boys still played outside. = It rained，___________ the boys still played outside.
2. Although I get up early, I can’t catch the early bus. = I get up early, but I can’t catch the early bus.
My cousin knows a lot about geography， he is only four years old.
A. because B. so C. although
九. It’s+adj+（for sb.）+to do sth. 意为 “（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。
Eg：It’s very important to listen carefully in class. 上课认真听讲很重要。
It’s easy for us to swim. 对我们来说游泳很容易。
It’s very hard for him to study English. _____________________________________
练习 1.It is very important for us _______ English well.
2.it’s very nice ___ you _______my parents your best wishes.
3.—I often have hamburgers for lunch.
—You’d better not. It’s bad for you ________ too much junk food.
十. by+交通工具 乘…. by+时间 到…..时（为止） by+地点 在…..旁边
【拓展】through和by的区别、
through 后常加名词表示手段媒介，through exercise 通过锻炼
by 后常加工具或v-ing, by working hard (by doing sth. 通过做某事)
十一. such as 例如；像…这样。后面跟名称、代词、动词的ing形式
Eg: I have a lot of hobbies, such as __________and ___________. 我有许多爱好，比如读书和唱歌。
拓展：such adj.& pron.这样的；那样的；类似的 ； 作形容词时，其后修饰名词。
Tom lives in such a large house. 汤姆住在一所这么大的房子里。
such和so
二者都有“如此；这样”的意思，但具体用法相异。such用来修饰名词，so用来修饰形容词或副词。
①such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数) ②such＋adj.＋n.(复数/不可数名词)
③so＋adj./adv. ④so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)
⑤so＋many/few/much/little＋n.(复数/不可数名词)
He is such a clever boy.＝He is so clever a boy.
It's such fine weather today.
They didn't have so much time to do their homework.他们没有如此多的时间去做作业。
十二. spend 意为“度过” 或“花费（时间、金钱）”。
Eg: Come and spend the weekend with us. 来和我们一起度过周末吧。
spend time\money on sth.在...上花费时间或金钱.
=spend time\money （in） doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事
He didn’t spend much time on his homework.= He didn’t spend much time______________ his homework.
I spend 200 yuan on a new coat. = I spend 200 yuan ________________ a new coat. Don’t spend too much time watching TV. = Don’t spend too much time _____TV.
He always spend his time playing football. = He always spend his time ______ football.
拓展比较：
1. cost的主语是物
sth. costs sb.＋金钱/时间 某物花了某人多少钱/时间。
doing sth. costs sb.＋时间 做某事花了某人多少时间。
2. take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：
It takes sb.＋时间/金钱＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
3. pay的基本用法是：
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……。
例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。
例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。
例：Don?蒺t worry!I'll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。
例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。
十三. through prep. 以；凭借；穿过
He became rich through hard work and ability. 他凭借辛苦的工作和能力变得富有。
The sunlight was coming in through the window.
through，across，over
through意为“穿过”，指从物体的里面穿过。
across意为“穿过”，指从物体的表面通过。
over意为“越过；跨过”，指越过一个有高度的物体。
They walked through the park after supper.
I swam across the river and felt very tired.
Can you jump over the table?
十四. however “然而，不过”。可以位于句首、句中、句末。但要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
Eg: She was ill. However, she still went to work. 她病了，然而她依然去上班。
辨析：but和however
but 直接连接前后两个句子，转折的意味比however强，特别表示非常明显的对比，。
However “然而，但是”。 不能直接连接句子，必须用逗号与句子隔开。
Eg:1.It began to rain, ___________ ,we went out to look for the boy.
2. It a sunny morning，___________very cold. 这是个晴朗的早晨，但是却很冷。
十五. more than 相当于over。意为“超过，多余”。
There are more than 2000 books.
十六. less than six. 少于6小时。
less than 意为“不到，少于”。其反义词为 more than \ over “多余，超过”
Eg：She sleeps less than seven hours every night. 他每晚的睡眠时间不到7小时。
We know Tom for 20 years. 我们认识Tom超过20年了。
拓展： less 是little的比较级，She has less milk than me.
二十二. none
none 与no one, nobody 的用法区别
1. no one=nobody，两者均只能指人，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：
No one [Nobody] ________ 谁也不知道。
No one [Nobody] _________ it. 没人喜欢它。
注：按传统语法，两者之后均不能接 of 短语。
2. none 既可指人也可指物，其后通常接 of 短语；用作主语若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指可数名词，则谓语可用单数或复数。
None of the food was left. 一点食物都没留下。
None of the books is [are] interesting. 没有一本书有趣。
3. none 暗
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