《Unit3 I'm more outgoing than my sister》重点知识18

Unit 3. I’m more outgoing than my sister.
形容词（adj.）和副词（adv.）的比较级、最高级
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：
原级（不作比较），修饰词very, so, too, pretty, really；
比较级，表示“较……”或“更……”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词than , A or B, of the two, 修饰词much, a lot, a little；
Eg. Sam is taller than John.
Which story is more interesting, this one or that one?
Tom is the taller of the two boys. 汤姆是两个男孩中较高的那个。
最高级，表示“最……”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。

比较级的用法：1）比较级常常用than来连接被比较的两个人或事物。
Eg. Li Lei is taller than Wang Jun.
Her room is bigger than mine .
My classmate is fatter than me.　　
比较级+and +比较级,表示“越来越…”　　The days are getting longer and longer in summer.3）the+比较级…,the+比较级….表示“越…就越…”　　The harder you work, the better you will learn.4) the+比较级+of the two表示“两者中较…的那个人或物”时，在比较级前
加定冠词the。　Eg. He is the taller of the two. 他是两人中较高的那个。
◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：a little,
much,even。　　My sister is a little taller than me. 姐姐比我高一点。　　Their house is much larger than ours. 他们的房子比我们的大很多。◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。　误：Your English is better than me.　正：Your English is better than mine. 你的英语比我的好。◇为避免重复，我们通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出现的名词。
that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数。one既可指
人又可指物，只能代替可数名词。
　E.g. The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the sofa.
桌上的那本书比沙发上的那本要有趣些。　 A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
钢制的盒子比木制的盒子要坚固些。

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化：
构 成 方 法
 原 级
 比 较 级
最 高 级


单音
节词
以及部分双音节词
一般在词尾加-er或-est
high
short
higher
shorter
highest
shortest


以字母e词尾的词，加-r或-st
late
fine
later
finest
latest
finest


重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est
hot
big
thin
fat
hotter
bigger
thinner
fatter
hottest
biggest
thinnest
fattest


以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加-er或-est
funny
easy
early

funnier
easier
earlier

funniest
easiest
earliest


多音节词以及部分双音节词

在词前加more或most
beautiful
athletic
outgoing
more beautiful
more athletic
more outgoing
most beautiful
most athletic
most outgoing


形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化：
原 级
比较级
最高级

good/well
better
best

bad/badly
worse
worst

many/much
more
most

little
less
least

far

farther（更远）
further（更深远）
farthest(最远)
furthest（最深远）


选择
1. He feels _____ today than yesterday.　　A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired2. Of the two toys, the child chose_____.　　A. the expensive one B. one most expensive
C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them3. The book is ____ of the two.　　A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest4. She looks _____ than she does.　　A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older5. The garden is becoming ______.　　A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful　　C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler
用括号里所给单词的正确形式填空
Tom is __________(tall) than Sam.
Pedro is __________(funny) than Paul.
Allan is __________(thin) than Peter.
Beth is __________(friendly) than Tara.
Tara is __________(outgoing) than Tina.
Tina is much __________(serious) than Ann.
Laura is a little __________(quiet) than her brother.
Frank is __________(good) at writing than at reading.
Jane is ___________(hard-working) than Judy.
Lisa sings ___________(clearly) than Nelly.
Molly studies __________(hard) than Mary.

四．分类
规则变化
不规则变化

-er/ -ier
more







五．辨析beat/win 1.If you serve like this，nobody can ________ you.
如果你像这样发球，没有人可以击败你。
2.He didn't always________the competition.
他并非在比赛中总是能赢。

辨析：相同点：都是动词，表示“赢”，其中beat译为：打败；win译为：赢得，获胜。 不同点：( beat+人
Eg. We played very well, and beat them. 我们发挥得很好，击败了他们。
( win+比赛，竞赛，战争等名词。
Eg. They won the match this time. 这次他们赢了这场比赛。

六．make的用法( make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Eg. I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友能使我开心。
Our teacher makes us work ten hours a day.我们老师让我们一天学习10个小时。( make+宾语+形容词: 使某人/某事怎样  Eg. His words make us happy. 他的话使我们感到很高兴。

七．laugh的用法
We all ________（笑，大笑） loudly when she made a joke.
她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。
Don’t _________（嘲笑） him. 别嘲笑他。
3. He gave a cheerful ________（笑声）. 他发出愉快的笑声.
①vi.“笑、发笑”(出声的大笑)Eg. She makes you laugh and you love her very much.
她逗你发笑,你也很喜欢他.
②词组：laugh at嘲笑、因…而笑Eg. Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。(n.“笑；笑声”
Eg. Dennis has a very loud laugh. 丹尼斯的笑声很响.

八．both的用法
They’re both tall. 译为：
both: adj./pron./adv. 两个都……(用在be 动词后，行为动词前。 Eg. You are both too young. 你们都很年轻。
They both speak English. 他们都说英语。(Both of …..+名词复数（复数谓语） Eg. Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。(both…and…两者都……（复数谓语）
Eg. Both Mary and Judy are my friends. 玛丽和朱迪都是我的朋友。

知识点拓展： both 与 all both 指代两者：Eg. My parents are both fine。 我父母都好。
all指代三者或三者以上：Eg. We are all here。 我们都在这儿。

练习：1. Sam and Joe are ________ tall. 山姆和乔都很高。
2. The students in the classroom are ________ boys. 在教室里的都是男孩。

九．though的用法_____ he was poor, ______ he was happy. 虽然他很穷，但他很快乐。
A. Though, but B. Though, / C. Although, but D. /, /

① conj.译为：虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughEg. Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。注意：though与but不能同时存在。Eg. Though he was poor，but he was happy.（错误） ②adv. 译为：不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didn’t , though.

十．talented的用法
词组：be talented in... 有...的天赋，对...有天赋 Eg. He is talented in music. 他有音乐天赋。

翻译：她有做菜的天赋。（做菜：cook）
___________________________________________

十一．as...as的用法
“...（not）as + 形容词或副词原级+ as...”,意思为“...和...(不) 一样”。
1）...as + 形容词或副词原形+ as...: 表示双方在某个方面一样。 Eg. She is as tall as me. 她跟我一样高。 I run as fast as he does. 我跑得跟他一样快。
2）...not as + 形容词或副词原形+ as...: 表示一方在某一方面不如另一方。 Eg. His English is not as good as hers. 他英语不如她的好。 He doesn’t work as hard as his brother. 他没有他哥哥工作努力。

十二．be the same as… 和be different from…(be the same as… “和……一样”。
Eg. My friend is the same as me.我的朋友和我一样。
(反义词组：be different from…“ 与.......不同的” Eg. My bike is different from yours. 我的自行车和你的不同。

My bike is different from yours. (用the same as表述）
______________________________________________
知识拓展：
be similar to...意为“与......相似”。(注意与 be the same as 区别)Eg. My pen is similar to yours. 我的钢笔和你的相似。

翻译：我的包和你的相同。 ________________________________
我的包和你的相似。 ________________________________

十三．句型：It’s+adj.+to do sth.
Eg. It’s not necessary to be the same.完全一样是没有必要的。解析： It’s+adj.+to do sth. 其中It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正主语。

译一译：
学习英语很有必要。
It is _________ to _________ English.
读书很重要。
______________________________________

十四．反意疑问句 概念：反义疑问句即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握,需要对方证实。（所以本质上概念：反义疑问句即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握,需要对方证实。（所以本质上反义疑问句也是问句，并且回答和一般疑问句相似，即用yes/no 回答）

速记方法:前肯后否，前否后肯；前be后be，前无be后助，时态一致。

反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式
Eg. They work hard, don’t they?
She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?
2．陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式
Eg. You didn’t go, did you?
He can’t ride a bike, can he?

请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法：

1.当陈述部分的主语是I ，后面的疑问句用：aren't I?
Eg. I am a student, aren’t I ?
2. 陈述句如果是there be 结构时，疑问部分仍用there。
Eg. There once was a man named Saint Nicholas, wasn't there?
3. 陈述部分的主语是this, that时，疑问部分的主语多用it；陈述部分的主语是these, those时，疑问部分的主语多用they。
Eg. This is a dictionary, isn't it?
Those are shelves, aren't they?
4. 陈述句中含有no,never,few,little, seldom,hardly等具有否定意义的词时，疑问部分常用肯定形式。
Eg. Tom has never been to England, has he?
He can hardly swim, can he?
There are few apples in the basket, are there?
但陈述句中如果有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时，整个句子仍视为肯定句，反意疑问部分多用否定形式。
Eg. She is unhappy, isn't she?
5.当陈述部分是I think 加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。
Eg. I think chickens can swim, can’t they?
I think Lucy is a good girl, isn’t she?
I didn't think he was happy, was he?
6. 陈述句的主语是nobody,everyone,somebody等指人的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用they。
如果陈述句的主语是something,nothing,anything,everything等指物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用it。
Eg. Nobody says a word about the accident, do they?
对这个事故没人说什么，是吗？
Everything seems all right, doesn't it? 看起来一切顺利，是吗?

以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句部分要用shall we。
以 let me或let us 开头的祈使句反意疑问部分要用will you。
其他行为动词引起的祈使句，反意疑问部分都要用will you.
Eg. Let's go for a walk, shall we?
Let us go our for a walk, will you?
Let me tell you the truth, will you?
Don't speak, will you?
8.陈述部分有had better 时，疑问句应用hadn’t开头：
Eg. You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?
9. 陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有2种情况：
(1) mustn't表示“禁止，不可”时，附加问句通常要用must.
Eg. You mustn't stop your car here,must you?你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？
(2)must表示“有必要”时，附加问句通常要用needn't.
Eg. They must finish the work today,needn't they? 他们今天要完成这工作,是吗？

反义疑问句的回答用yes,no, 但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。
Eg. They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？
---Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。
---No, they don’t. 对，他们工作不努力。

练习：
You're in Grade two now, _______________?2、Your father is a worker, _______________?3、Mary is going to study Chinese, _______________?4、We're going to have a meeting this week, _______________?5、Jack is playing in the garden, _______________?6、They all look fine, _______________?7、You like English, _______________?8、Kate swims the best in her class, _______________?9、Mike watches TV every day, _______________?10、They like spring best, _______________? 11、They won't have a good time, _______________?12、He will go to see a film, _______________?13、She isn't going to buy a book, _______________?14、Tom and Mike are watching TV, _______________?15、You are doing some washing, _______________?16、Mrs White is cleaning the room, _______________?17、I had a rest a moment ago, _______________?18、He was a teacher a year ago, _______________?19、They wrote letters last Sunday, _______________?20、Mr Smith made a table last year, _______________? 21、Don't open the door, _______________?22、Let's go to school, _______________?23、Listen to me, _______________?24、There's little water in the rive, _______________?25、The little girl can hardly read, _______________?26、He has never been to Japan, _______________?27、The students borrowed few English books from the library, _______________?28、Kate m